This paper examines the Special Bilingual Education Program (henceforth, SBEP) in Cameroon which aims to promote English-French bilingualism among students. It highlights the shortcomings of the program, particularly the literary bias in the curriculum, which leads to the dropout of science-inclined students in the second cycle. The paper proposes replacing the general French-oriented Français Intensif with French for Specific Purposes (henceforth, FFSP) to retain science students ...

Pedagogy 

Amidst China’s declining birthrates, junior high science education is shifting from scale expansion to quality enhancement, with small-class teaching being a key strategy. This multi-method study reveals that smaller classes promote interactive, inquiry-based learning, boosting student engagement, innovation, and critical thinking. Success depends on teachers transitioning from knowledge transmitters to learning facilitators, requiring training in differentiated instruction and educational techn...

Pedagogy 

The current methods of cost estimating and monitoring of Projects are becoming inoperative as forthcoming construction endeavors are increasing in scale and complexity. The 5D BIM (Building Information Modeling) can integrate cost data with 3D models and time scheduling, it is enabled engineers to predict project expenses more accurately through real-time quantity take-offs and dynamic cost estimation. The AEC (Architecture, Engineering, Construction) professionals and researchers successfully e...

Architecture  Civil Engineering  Agricultural Engineering 

The reward and punishment system is one of the fundamental reasons why humans possess intelligence. In order for strong artificial intelligence software to have true intelligence, it must have an appropriate reward and punishment system. This article discusses the structure and functions of the reward and punishment system for strong artificial intelligence from the perspectives of programming and personification, as well as some important reward and punishment phenomena. On this basis, this pap...

Artificial Intelligence  Neuroscience 

This research presents a unique collection of evening wear inspired by the anatomy of the camel, blending nature’s raw beauty with high fashion. Drawing from the camel’s graceful neck, powerful humps, resilient legs, and soft fur, each model transforms these features into sculptural, wearable art. The collection explores the balance between structure and fluidity, strength and elegance, reimagining the camel’s symbolism of endurance and grace. By employing carefully selected materials and innova...

Art 

Counselors in vocational education play a crucial role as agents of moral guidance, technical facilitation, and holistic student development. As the global economy increasingly relies on high-quality technical and skilled labor, the professionalization of counselors teams has become essential to ensure that vocational education cultivates both competence and character. This paper draws on insights from China’s vocational education reforms and international practices to conceptualize the counselo...

Education Administration  Teacher Education  Teaching and Learning Technologies  Educational Reform 

Background: Oral health plays a vital role in general well-being, especially during adolescence, when physiological and psychosocial development is at its peak. Dental malocclusions can negatively affect oral function and self-esteem, leading to impaired oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). While orthodontic treatment aims to correct these issues, comparative evidence on how clear aligners versus fixed appliances affect adolescents’ OHRQoL remains limited in Morocco. ...

Dentistry 

Mucoceles are benign sinus tumors that are caused by an obstruction in the sinus ostium. We report 3cases managed at the University Hospital of Kamenge, where treatment was surgical via an endoscopic approach. This surgery was performed for the first time at this center.

Clinical Medicine  Otorhinolaryngology 

This study explores the symbolic role of mascot and visual identity design in major sporting events, focusing on their cultural expression and management value. By adopting an interdisciplinary perspective that integrates product design and sports management, the paper analyzes how symbolic elements such as colors, shapes, and cultural motifs enable audiences to associate visual designs directly with specific sports disciplines. Using Olympic mascots as key case studies, the research demonstrate...

Sports Science 

Introduction: Hypertension affects women in all phases of life and ranks among the most common chronic medical condition characterized by a persistent elevation in the arterial pressure. More than one billion adults worldwide have hypertension with up to 45% of the adult populace being affected with the disease. The high prevalence of hypertension is consistent across all socio-economic and income strata, and the prevalence rises with age accounting for up to 60% of the populati...

Pathology