Exploration of Urban People’s Perception of Social Development in Zanzibar’s Urban Area

This paper aims to explore urban residents’ perceptions of social development in Zanzibar, focusing on religious leaders, political leaders, traders, youths, and public servants. The study employed an exploratory research design, using interviews and focus group discussions with 203 key informants from these groups. Among these informants, 42 were religious leaders, 22 were political leaders, 53 were urban traders, 48 were urban youths, and 38 were public servants. Data were analysed thematically using open coding and transcription to elucidate the main findings. The results reveal that each group within urban society holds a distinct view on social development, with perceptions varying among the groups. These perceptions are shaped by factors such as friends, religious beliefs, occupation, and political affiliation. Variations in perceptions lead to differences in social development needs, desires, and priorities. The study concludes that perceptions of social development among urban residents in Zanzibar differ according to socioeconomic status and political background. Finally, it recommends that government authorities regularly plan and conduct research to obtain up-to-date information on perceptions of social development, considering ongoing social and economic changes in Zanzibar. The government should establish mechanisms to ensure balanced social development across different urban groups. Such mechanisms include improved infrastructure, supportive policies, social assistance, and development programmes that create opportunities for all groups to enhance their well-being.