The intersection of the rule of law and human rights is a critical issue in Nigeria, which has a complex history that includes periods of colonial rule, military dictatorship, and democratic transitions. The rule of law is essential for protecting human rights and promoting democracy. However, Nigeria’s history of military rule has left a legacy of human rights abuses and a weak rule of law. This has led to many challenges, including corruption, impunity, and a lack of access to justice. Despite...

Law  Public Policy 

Carbon neutrality, achieved by balancing anthropogenic GHG emissions and removals, offers a pathway to minimise climate impacts and foster a just transition to low-carbon economies. However, achieving carbon neutrality in West Africa requires an explicit integration of environmental-justice considerations that equitably distribute burdens and benefits among societal groups. Environmental justice demands that the burdens and benefits of transitioning towards carbon neutrality are equitably distri...

Law 

This article examines the constitutional control of defective notifications and their impact on the limits of amparo and habeas corpus in Peru. It analyzes how procedural defects may violate the right to due process when they cause real and tangible harm, as well as the criteria established by the Constitutional Court to assess their constitutional significance. It argues that judicial intervention in these constitutional remedies must remain within reasonable limits, establishing clear restrict...

Law 

School bullying has emerged as a pervasive global issue with profound impacts on adolescent mental health and social development. Utilizing CiteSpace-based bibliometric analysis, this study systematically examines 449 peer-reviewed articles on school bullying published in China (2010-2024). Key findings include: 1) An upward trajectory in publication output, with significant growth post-2017; 2) Identified research hotspots through co-occurrence analysis, with “school climate” and “bullying prev...

Law  Psychology 

Fusion of powers is a political system where the executive and legislative branches of government are interconnected and share powers, often resulting in a more collaborative governance structure. The Constitution of Kenya envisages separation of powers with the head of government typically not being part of the legislature. Still there is greater integration between legislative decisions and executive actions. The fusion of executive and legislative powers in Kenyan Presidential system of gover...

Law  Politics 

China’s accelerated industrial growth has led to extensive environmental degradation, exposing the limitations of its previous regulatory frameworks. Although reforms such as the 2015 revision of the Environmental Protection Law introduced important changes, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system remained fragmented, inconsistently applied, and procedurally weak. The first draft Ecological and Environment Code (the Draft Code) marks a substantial legislative response, offering a unifie...

Sociology  Law 

At the core of the quest for a new constitution in Kenya was the need to restructure the government and this included reconfiguring of the disgraced Judiciary. There was a need to ensure sufficient independence for the courts. A significant step towards achievement of this objective is the delegation of sovereign power to the Judiciary and independent tribunals under Article 1 (3) (c) of the Constitution. The courts and the tribunals have been empowered to interpret the constitution and to make ...

Law 

This paper examines the evolving relationship between the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches and seizures and the U.S. government’s use of electronic surveillance in the name of national security. It traces the historical expansion of surveillance authority, beginning with early wiretapping cases and culminating in the enactment and evolution of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). The analysis highlights the legal tension between the executive branch’s nati...

Law 

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are progressing rapidly, presenting opportunities and intricate ethical and legal issues. This evaluation delineates modern methodologies and classifications of AI governance to facilitate its secure and beneficial implementation. Ethical considerations must be integrated into AI frameworks emphasizing transparency, accountability, and fairness. The paper also addresses the imperative of financing AI safety research to mitigate dangers, especially those ...

Artificial Intelligence  Law  Information Science  Machine Learning 

This research aims to deeply analyze the newly added “Science Popularization Personnel” chapter in the revised “Science Popularization Law”. Through methods such as literature research and case analysis, it comprehensively analyzes the connotation, significance, implementation status and existing problems of each article in this chapter. The study finds that the provisions of this chapter are of great significance in strengthening the construction of the science popularization talent team and st...

Law