Issue of Food Insecurity among Households in the Communities of Baoudetta and Koona in the Department of Tessaoua, Maradi Region in Niger

This study addresses the issue of food insecurity in the municipalities of Baoudetta and Koona. The objective is to analyze the foundation of food insecurity first through the living conditions of agricultural households. Furthermore, the analysis of the prevalence of food insecurity has allowed for an assessment of the availability of foodstuffs in the markets and their accessibility to the population. The methodology for this work is based on documentary research, data collection in fourteen villages using a household questionnaire via Kobocollect, semi-structured interview guides, and an observation grid. The surveys have allowed for the collection of quantitative and qualitative information. Finally, the treatment and analysis of the results were carried out using appropriate software and methods. The main results show that 9.3% of households are food secure, 41.8% are in mild food insecurity, while 13% suffer from severe food insecurity and 35.9% are in moderate food insecurity. The analysis revealed that households led by women are particularly vulnerable (51.5% of them are in severe food insecurity). The calculation of the Food Availability Index (FAI) shows that the majority of households have a high vulnerability, with a negative food self-sufficiency rate (FSSR) indicating a high dependence on imports. The interpretation of the composite food consumption score (SCA is 32.14) indicates insufficient food quality and quantity in households. As a result, these households face purchasing constraints related to rising prices, lack of money, exacerbated by the distance from markets.